The body condition index is a measure that attempts to describe energy storage compared to body length. This research was carried out with the aim of obtaining a body condition index in Ctenosaura pectinata. We used 40 adult females distributed between two groups. The iguanas were fed with four types of commercial food. They were also weighed in grams, their body lengths were measured in centimeters (total, snout-vent and head), body diameters were measured in centimeters (tail base, hip, leg, and pelvis) and body volume was measured in milliliters. Descriptive statistics were performed and variables were checked for normality. A Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to identify any related variables. A body condition index classification was obtained from the mean value and standard deviation (I: 2S-μ, II: S-μ, III: μ+S and IV: μ+2S) and a prediction equation for volume was obtained by Stepwise analysis. The body condition index turned to be highly accurate (r=0.98, p˂0.0001). A body condition index classification in black iguana (Ctenosaura pectinata) was established, which will be useful for monitoring the body reserves of the species.

El índice de condición corporal intenta describir el almacenamiento de energía comparado con una longitud del cuerpo, por ello se realizó la presente investigación con el objetivo de obtener un índice de la condición corporal en Ctenosaura pectinata. Se utilizaron 40 hembras adultas distribuidas en dos grupos. Las iguanas fueron alimentadas con cuatro tipos de alimento comercial. Las iguanas se pesaron (g), se midieron las longitudes (total, hocico cloaca y de cabeza cm), los diámetros (base de la cola, de cadera, pierna y pelvis cm) y el volumen del cuerpo (ml). Se realizó estadística descriptiva, se verificó la normalidad de las variables. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de correlación de Pearson para identificar las variables que tuvieron mayor relación. Se obtuvo una clasificación del índice de condición corporal a partir del valor promedio y la desviación estándar (I: 2S-μ, II: S-μ, III: μ+S y IV: μ+2S) y se obtuvo una ecuación de predicción para el volumen por medio del análisis de Stepwise. El índice de condición corporal presentó alta precisión (r=0,98, p˂0,0001). Se estableció una clasificación del índice de condición corporal en Ctenosaura pectinata, que será útil para vigilar las reservas corporales de la especie.

Resumo Fundamento A ecocardiografia é essencial para o diagnóstico e a quantificação da insuficiência aórtica (IA). A integral velocidade-tempo (IVT) do fluxo da IA pode estar relacionada à gravidade da IA. Objetivo Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar se a IVT é um marcador ecocardiográfico de gravidade da IA. Métodos Foram incluídos todos os pacientes com IA nativa moderada ou grave e ritmo sinusal que visitaram o nosso laboratório de imagem entre janeiro e outubro de 2016. Todos os indivíduos foram submetidos a um ecocardiograma completo com medição da IVT da IA. A associação entre a IVT e a gravidade da IA foi analisada por regressão logística e modelos de regressão multivariada. Valores p<0,05 foram considerados estatisticamente significativos. Resultados Entre os 62 pacientes incluídos (68,5±14,9 anos; 64,5%: IA moderada; 35,5%: IA grave), a IVT foi maior em indivíduos com IA moderada em comparação àqueles com IA grave (2,2±0,5 m versus 1,9±0,5 m, p=0,01). Pacientes com IA grave apresentaram valores maiores de diâmetro diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (DDFVE) (56,1±7,1 mm versus 47,3±9,6 mm, p=0,001), volume diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo (VDFVE) (171±36,5 mL versus 106±46,6 mL, p<0,001), orifício regurgitante efetivo (0,44±0,1 cm2 versus 0,18±0,1 cm2, p=0,002) e volume regurgitante (71,3±25,7 mL versus 42,5±10,9 mL, p=0,05), assim como menor fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) (54,1±11,2% versus 63,2±13,3%, p=0,012). A IVT mostrou ser um marcador de gravidade da IA, independentemente do DDFVE, VDFVE e FEVE ( odds ratio 0,160, p=0,032) e da frequência cardíaca e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) ( odds ratio 0,232, p=0,044). Conclusões A IVT do fluxo da IA apresentou associação inversa com a gravidade da IA, independentemente do diâmetro e volume do ventrículo esquerdo, frequência cardíaca, PAD e FEVE. A IVT pode ser um marcador de gravidade da IA em pacientes com IA nativa e ritmo sinusal. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

Abstract Background Echocardiography is essential for the diagnosis and quantification of aortic regurgitation (AR). Velocity-time integral (VTI) of AR flow could be related to AR severity. Objective This study aims to assess whether VTI is an echocardiographic marker of AR severity. Methods We included all patients with moderate or severe native AR and sinus rhythm who visited our imaging laboratory from January to October 2016. All individuals underwent a complete echocardiogram with AR VTI measurement. The association between VTI and AR severity was analyzed by logistic regression and multivariate regression models. A p-value<0,05 was considered statistically significant. Results Among the 62 patients included (68.5±14.9 years old; 64.5%: moderate AR; 35.5%: severe AR), VTI was higher in individuals with moderate AR compared to those with severe AR (2.2±0.5 m vs. 1.9±0.5 m, p=0.01). Patients with severe AR presented greater values of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) (56.1±7.1 mm vs. 47.3±9.6 mm, p=0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) (171±36.5 mL vs. 106±46.6 mL, p<0.001), effective regurgitant orifice (0.44±0.1 cm2vs. 0.18±0.1 cm2, p=0.002), and regurgitant volume (71.3±25.7 mL vs. 42.5±10.9 mL, p=0.05), as well as lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (54.1±11.2% vs. 63.2±13.3%, p=0.012). The VTI proved to be a marker of AR severity, irrespective of LVEDD, LVEDV, and LVEF (odds ratio 0.160, p=0.032) and of heart rate and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (odds ratio 0.232, p=0.044). Conclusions The VTI of AR flow was inversely associated with AR severity regardless of left ventricular diameter and volume, heart rate, DBP, and LVEF. VTI could be a marker of AR severity in patients with native AR and sinus rhythm. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2020; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

ABSTRACT The future of the bivalve mollusk production sector worldwide is still challenged by emergence and propagation of new diseases, mainly vibriosis, and the conventional methods that have been used to eradicate pathogens from hatcheries, such as antibiotics and chemotherapies have shown collateral effects. In order to reduce the use of conventional methods, homeopathy for aquaculture emerges as a novel solution to strengthen marine organism's defense against diseases. This study evaluated the effect of five homeopathic treatments on the immunomodulatory response and general condition index of Argopecten ventricosus juveniles, used as model organisms due to their susceptibility to vibriosis compared to other commercial bivalves. The experimental design included three replicates of five homeopathic treatments at decimal (D) or centesimal (C) dynamization (T1: ViA 1D + ViP 1D, T2: ViA 7C + ViP 7C, T3: AcF 1D + MsS 1D, T4: PhA 7C + SiT 7C and T5: ViT 31C) and three control groups (C1: Dynamized Ethanol (1C), C2: Diluted Ethanol (1:99) and C3: No medication). The maximum immunomodulatory response was attributed to treatments T1 and T2 with the highest increase in hemocyte count, catalase activity in mantle and superoxide dismutase activity in gills, followed by treatments T3 and T5. Treatment T4 did not show a definite effect on an immune response but increased energetic reserves in the mantle, muscle and the digestive gland, important storage tissues in mollusk bivalves. This study has demonstrated that some homeopathic treatments can activate an immunomodulatory response and improve the general condition index in A. ventricosus.

Objective. To estimate the zoonotic parasites prevalence in feral dog feces in Puerto Escondido. Material and methods. The fecalism frecuency was estimated in ten zones. To identify the parasites parasitological flotation and direct smear methods were used. The parasitic prevalence was estimated in the canine feces. Results. All the zones presented canine fecalism. The parasitic prevalence in the feces was 73.33%. The parasites with the highest prevalence were Toxocara canis (47.78%), Ancylostoma caninum (17.88%), and Dipylidium caninum (13.89%). Conclusion. Canine fecalism comes from strayed and owned dogs. 66.66% of the parasites found in the dog feces are zoonotics. The factors associated to this problem are the suburban habitat, waste mishandling and nil tenure of stray dogs.

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de parásitos potencialmente zoonóticos en heces caninas de Puerto Escondido. Material y métodos. La ciudad se dividió en diez zonas de estudio y éstas se categorizaron en hábitats natural, urbano y suburbano. Se colectaron muestras fecales caninas del piso. Se recuperaron los parásitos por medio de técnicas coproparasitológicas de flotación y frotis directo para su observación microscópica y posterior identificación. Se estimó la prevalencia parasitaria en las heces caninas. Resultados. Todas las zonas presentaron fecalismo canino. La prevalencia parasitaria fue de 73.33%. Los parásitos con mayor prevalencia fueron Toxocara canis (47.78%), Ancylostoma caninum (17.88%) y Dipylidium caninum (13.89%). Conclusión. El fecalismo canino proviene de perros errantes y con dueño. Del total de parásitos encontrados, 66.66% son zoonóticos. Los factores que favorecen la problemática son el hábitat suburbano, el manejo indeseable de la basura y la tenencia irresponsable de los cánidos.

Objective. To estimate the zoonotic parasites prevalence in feral dog feces in Puerto Escondido. Material and methods. The fecalism frecuency was estimated in ten zones. To identify the parasites parasitological flotation and direct smear methods were used. The parasitic prevalence was estimated in the canine feces. Results. All the zones presented canine fecalism. The parasitic prevalence in the feces was 73.33%. The parasites with the highest prevalence were Toxocara canis (47.78%), Ancylostoma caninum (17.88%), and Dipylidium caninum (13.89%). Conclusion. Canine fecalism comes from strayed and owned dogs. 66.66% of the parasites found in the dog feces are zoonotics. The factors associated to this problem are the suburban habitat, waste mishandling and nil tenure of stray dogs.

Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia de parásitos potencialmente zoonóticos en heces caninas de Puerto Escondido. Material y métodos. La ciudad se dividió en diez zonas de estudio y éstas se categorizaron en hábitats natural, urbano y suburbano. Se colectaron muestras fecales caninas del piso. Se recuperaron los parásitos por medio de técnicas coproparasitológicas de flotación y frotis directo para su observación microscópica y posterior identificación. Se estimó la prevalencia parasitaria en las heces caninas. Resultados. Todas las zonas presentaron fecalismo canino. La prevalencia parasitaria fue de 73.33%. Los parásitos con mayor prevalencia fueron Toxocara canis (47.78%), Ancylostoma caninum (17.88%) y Dipylidium caninum (13.89%). Conclusión. El fecalismo canino proviene de perros errantes y con dueño. Del total de parásitos encontrados, 66.66% son zoonóticos. Los factores que favorecen la problemática son el hábitat suburbano, el manejo indeseable de la basura y la tenencia irresponsable de los cánidos.

With the objective to evalúate the reproductive stage in green iguana (Iguana iguana) females maintained in captivity in Oaxaca, Mexico, a total of 137 females were used during six years. Iguanas were fed with concentrate, frijolillo plants (Desmodium infortum) and tulip flower (Tulipa gesneriana). The females were identified and housed in cages of 30 m² and were observed. Reproductive activities such as proestrus, estrus and pregnancy were daily recorded. In the stage of hatching, variables were measured in eggs that were incubated in styrofoam boxes with relative humidity of 65 to 85% and temperature between 28 to 34°C, and the newborn were measured after hatching. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and canonical correlation analysis using the Statistical Analysis System. At the beginning of the reproductive season the females weighed 975.9 ± 405 g and measured 27.9 ± 3.4 cm snout-vent length, with a relative clutch mass of 36.3 ± 7.1%, clutch size of 23.5 eggs, hatching success of 64.8%, and newborn weight of 12.5 ± 2.3 g. The periods of proestrus, estrus, and pregnancy were 85, 36.2 y 59.7 days, respectively. The females weight at the beginning of the reproductive stage, snout-vent length and total were correlated (canonical correlation r = 0.69, r = 0.64 and r = 0.64, respectively) with the number and weight of newborn, indicating the importance of female management before the breeding season.

Con el fin de evaluar la etapa reproductiva en hembras de iguana verde (Iguana iguana) mantenidas en cautiverio, en Oaxaca, México, se utilizaron 137 hembras, durante seis años. Se ofreció alimento concentrado, plantas de frijolillo (Desmodium infortum) y flor de tulipán (Tulipa gesneriana). Las hembras fueron identificadas y alojadas en jaulas de 30 m²; se observaron y registraron las actividades reproductivas de proestro, estro y gestación. En la etapa de eclosión, se midieron las variables de los huevos y se incubaron en cajas de unicel con humedad relativa de 65% a 85% y temperatura de 28° a 34°C; las crías se midieron después de la eclosión. Para el análisis de resultados se utilizó estadística descriptiva y análisis de correlación canónica con el paquete estadístico SAS. En el inicio del periodo reproductivo, las hembras pesaron 975.9 ± 405 g y midieron de longitud hocico-cloaca 27.9 ± 3.4 cm, la masa relativa de nidada fue de 36.3 ± 7.1%, con tamaño de 23.5 huevos, de los cuales eclosionaron 64.8%; las crías pesaron 12.5 ± 2.3 g. La duración de proestro, estro y gestación fue de 85, 36.2 y 59.7 días, respectivamente. El peso de las hembras al inicio de la etapa reproductiva, la longitud hocico-cloaca y el total se correlacionaron canónicamente (r = 0.69, r = 0.64 y r = 0.64) con el número y peso de las crías eclosionadas, lo que indica la importancia del manejo de las hembras antes del periodo reproductivo.

Para obtener los parámetros reproductivos de la iguana verde (Iguana iguana) criada en condiciones de cautiverio, se utilizaron 71 hembras (669,1 g) y 17 machos ( 652,2 g), con edad de 1,5 a 7,5 años, las cuales se alojaron en jaulas de 5 x 6 m, donde se observó y registró la actividad reproductiva durante tres años, considerando como variable independiente la edad de los reproductores. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. El peso de las hembras fue diferente (P<0,01) de acuerdo con la edad. La proporción hembras machos fue mayor (P<0,01) en las hembras de mayor edad. El periodo de celo, gravidez y mortalidad de las hembras fueron similares (P>0,05) a cualquier edad. El peso de nidada, número total de huevos, peso y ancho de huevo fueron diferentes (P<0,01), mientras que la longitud de los huevos fue similar (P>0,05) en todas las posturas estudiadas. El éxito de eclosión de los huevos y porcentaje de supervivencia fueron semejantes (P>0,05); no obstante, la masa relativa de nidada fue diferente (P<0,05). Se concluye que en las hembras de la Iguana iguana mantenidas en cautiverio, es posible escoger como posibles reproductores, a aquellas que presentan un rango de 4,5 a 7,5 años de edad, ya que presentan los mejores parámetros reproductivos.

The objective of this study was to obtain the reproductive parameters of the green iguana (Iguana iguana) in captivity. Seventy one females (669.1 g) and 17 males (652.2 g) were used. The ages of the iguanas were from 1.5 to 7.5 years old which were kept captivity in a 5 x 6 m cages, where the reproductive activities were observed and recorded over three years. Age was considered as an independent variable within the reproductive parameters. Descriptive statistic was determined. The weight of the females was different (P<0.01) according to age. The proportion of female:male intromission was greater (P<0.01) in older females. The periods of estrus, pregnancy and mortality of the females were similar (P>0.05) at all ages. The clutch weight, number of eggs, weight and width of eggs were different (P<0.01) for each female, whereas the length of eggs was similar (P>0.05) in all ovipositions. The successful hatching of the eggs and the enlivening the hatchlings were similar (P>0.05) for each female; however, the relative mass of each clutch was different (P<0.05). It was concluded that in female Iguana iguana raised in captivity, it is possible to select as potential reproductive individuals to those who have a range of 4.5 to 7.5 years of age, since they have the best reproductive parameters.

This work took place among academicians in a public state university, it analyzes the posible relation of the academicians' level of participation in the formulation process of the Comprehensive Institucional Strengthening Program (Programa Integral de Fortalecimiento Institucional, PIFI, in Spanish) and/or the Program for Strengthening High Education Institutions (Programa de Fortaleciemiento de la Dependencia de Educación Superior, PRODES, also in Spanish), with their level of information, their perception of the working environment, administration, decision-making and influence, institutional image and sense of belonging, and work satisfaction. The information used for this analysis was provided by the Organizational Environment Annual Survey (Encuesta Anual de Ambiente Organizacional, EAAO, name in Spanish), which is applied every year to said institution. Results show that academicians who have higher levels of participation also appear to have, in general, a better image of the institution, particularly regarding working environment, level of information and decision-making. Also, those who have a better perception of the institution's administration, image and pride as well as work satisfaction appear to have higher levels of participation, though the difference is minor. These results are discussed according to the value that the strategic and contextual planning gives to the actors of the organization.

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de un análisis exploratorio de las posibles relaciones, para los académicos de tiempo completo de una universidad pública estatal mexicana, entre niveles de participación en los procesos de formulación del Programa Integral de Fortalecimiento Institucional (PIFI) y/o Programa de Fortalecimiento de la Dependencia de Educación Superior (PRODES), y los niveles de información, percepción del ambiente laboral, de la administración, de la toma de decisiones e influencia, de imagen y pertenencia institucional, y de satisfacción en el trabajo. La información se obtuvo a partir de la Encuesta Anual de Ambiente Organizacional (EAAO) aplicada en la institución. Los resultados expresan que los académicos que reportan mayores niveles de participación, también expresan tener, en lo general, una mejor imagen de la institución, particularmente en cuanto a ambiente laboral, niveles de información y toma de decisiones. La percepción de la administración institucional, la imagen, la pertenencia institucional y la satisfacción en el trabajo, también son mejores para los académicos que reportan niveles altos de participación, aunque las diferencias son menores. Los resultados se discuten en el contexto del valor que la planeación estratégico-contextual otorga a la participación de los actores de la organización.

Se evaluó la digestibilidad de dietas con insectos y vegetales en crías de iguana negra (Ctenosaura pectinata) en cautiverio. Se utilizaron 60 crías alojadas en jaulas en grupos de cinco ejemplares. La temperatura dentro de las jaulas fluctúo de 22 a 35°C. Las dietas consistieron de la pupa de mosco (Notonecta unifasciata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) y jitomate (Lycopersicum esculentum). Se utilizaron cuatro tratamientos alimenticios en los cuales se cambió la proporción de mosco:vegetales: 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 y 4:1 (base húmeda). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar y se usó el procedimiento de selección de variables por etapas para obtener ecuaciones de predicción para la ganancia diaria de peso y el consumo de materia seca. El consumo reveló una respuesta cuadrática (P<0,05) mostrando un máximo con la proporción 3:1 (mosco: vegetal). Hubo diferencias (P<0,05) en el consumo de proteína cruda entre tratamientos incrementando en forma lineal con la proporción de insectos. No hubo cambios (P>0,05) en digestibilidad, conversión alimenticia y crecimiento de las iguanas. Se concluye que las crías de iguana negra (C. pectinata) hasta los siete meses de edad tienen la misma capacidad para digerir dietas a base de pupas de mosco Notonecta unifasciata y una combinación de alfalfa:jitomate.

Digestibility of insect and vegetable diets was evaluated with captive newborn black lizard (Ctenosaura pectinata). Sixty juvenile black lizards were kept in cages, in groups of five specimens. Temperature ranged from 22 to 35°C. Diets were elaborated with fly pupae (Notonecta unifasciata), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum). Four diet treatments were applied with variations in insect:vegetables ratio (wet matter) 1:4, 2:3, 3:2 and 4:1. A completely randomized design was applied and the data way analyzed hrongh stepwise procedure was used to obtain prediction equations for daily gain and dry matter intake. Intake showed a quadratic response (P<0.05) with a maximum ratio of 3:2 (insect:vegetal).There were differences (P<0.05) in protein intake among treatments increasing linearly as the proportion of insects augmented. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in digestibility, intake, feed conversion, or growth of the iguana. It is concluded that black lizards (C. pectinata) up to seven months have the same capability to digest diets based on fly pupae and a combination of alfalfa:tomato.

Para conocer el efecto de suplementación con harina de tres arbustivas forrajeras tropicales, en el comportamiento productivo y fermentación ruminal de corderos en crecimiento, se realizó un estudio durante 90 días, utilizando 30 corderos con encaste de Pelibuey y Black Belly (18,29 ± 1,56 kg PV), mantenidos en pastoreo continuo en estrella africana (Cynodon plestostachyus; 75,5% FDN y 6,1% PC) de 7:00 a.m. a 4:00 p.m, posteriormente los animales fueron alojados en corraletas individuales, proporcionándoles 200 g animal-1 d-1 de suplemento de acuerdo a los tratamientos (T) evaluados: T1 = sólo pastoreo (SP), T2 = T1+concentrado comercial (CC), T3 = T1+harina de cocoíte (Gliricidia sepium; HC), T4 = T1+harina de morera (Morus alba; HM) y T5 = T1+harina de tulipán (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; HT). Las variables registradas fueron: consumo de suplemento y pasto, ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), digestibilidad aparente de materia seca del suplemento y del pasto. En fluido ruminal se midió pH, concentración de ácidos grasos volátiles, nitrógeno amoniacal, bacterias totales y protozoarios. El CC y la HT presentaron el mejor (P < 0,05) consumo de suplemento (CC, 181,6ª; HC, 97,7c; HM, 149,7b; HT, 167,2ab g d-1), de materia seca total (SP, 789,1b; CC, 976,8ª; HT, 941,8ª g d-1) y la mejor GDP (SP, 46,1b; CC, 81,6ª; HT, 77,1ª; g d-1). El CC propició la más alta (P < 0,05) digestibilidad aparente de la materia seca (DAMS, 60,97ª); en contraste la más baja (P < 0,05) DAMS se presentó con el uso de HC (SP, 49,27ab; CC, 54,00ª; HC, 48,52C; HM, 50,47ab; HT, 50,54ab). En las variables ruminales, no se observaron diferencias entre tratamientos para pH, nitrógeno amoniacal y AGV; solamente se registraron cambios (P < 0,05) en la concentración (1 × 10(8) mL-1) de bacterias totales (SP, 45,0ª; HM, 1,1b) y de protozoarios (SP, 20,73b; CC, 96,01ª; 1 × 10(4) mL-1). La harina de tulipán mostró una respuesta similar a la del CC. La menor respuesta se obtuvo con HC. Por lo anterior se recomienda HT como sustituto de CC para corderos en pastoreo en el trópico.

A study was carried out in order to determine the effect of a commercial feed and three different meals produced by tropical forage shrubs, on productive performance, digestibility and some rumen variables, when used as supplements for grazing lambs. Thirty crossbreed (Pelibuey X Black Belly) male lambs (18.29 ± 1.56 Kg BW), were used in a 90 d study. Animals were on continuous grazing of African star (Cynodon plestostachyus; (75.5% NDF, 6.1% CP) from 7:00 am to 4:00 pm. After grazing animals were housed in individual pens and fed (200 g animal-1 d-1)any of four supplements, according to treatment: T1 = grazing (G); T2 = T1 + commercial concentrate (CC); T3 = T1 + cocoite meal (Gliricidia sepium; CM); T4 = T1 + morera meal (Morus alba; MM), and T5 = T1 + tulipan meal (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis; TM). Supplement and forage intake, dry matter digestibility and daily weight gain, were measured. Volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonia nitrogen concentration, total bacteria and protozoa were determined in rumen liquor. Differences in supplement intake (P < 0.05) (CC, 181.6ª; CM, 97.7c; MM, 149.7b; TM, 167.2ab g d-1), dry matter intake (OG, 789.1b; CC, 976.8ª; TM, 941.8ª g d-1) and daily weight gain (OG, 46.1b; CC, 81.6ª; TM, 77.1ª; g d-1) were found. The highest (P < 0.05) percentage of dry matter digestibility (DMD) was found for CC (CC, 60.97ª). Forage DMD was the lowest for CM (OG, 49.27ab; CC, 54.00ª; CM, 48.52C; MM, 50.47ab; TM, 50.54ab). No differences (P > 0.05) were found for rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and VFA concentration among treatments. Compared with OG treatment, supplementation with MM decreased (P < 0.05) total bacteria concentration (OG, 45.0ª vs MM, 1.1b × 10(8) mL-1)whilst CC increased protozoa concentration (OG, 20.73b vs CC, 96.01ª × 10(4) mL-1). Supplementation with TM showed similar results that those observed with CC. The lowest response was observed for CM and OG. It is concluded that TM can be used as a supplement instead of CC in the tropic for grazing lambs.

Para evaluar el efecto de dos inóculos bacterianos aislados del ciego sobre la fermentación cecal de conejos en crecimiento y la digestibilidad total del alimento, se desarrolló un ensayo de crecimiento con 60 conejos de la raza Nueva Zelanda Blanco de 38 días de edad, asignados a tres tratamientos: T1= dieta comercial (testigo); T2= T1 más inóculo a base de Clostridium sordellii; T3= T1 más inóculo a base de Peptostreptococcus tetradius. Se utilizó una concentración de 75×10(7) bacterias×g-1MS. En la 3ª y 5ª semanas experimentales se evaluó la digestibilidad in vivo. A los 77 días de edad los animales fueron sacrificados y se colectaron muestras del apéndice cecal (AC), 13ª asa cecal (TAC) y colon distal (CD) para determinar la concentración de bacterias totales (BT) y celulolíticas (BC), pH, NH4 y ácidos grasos volátiles (AGV). No se observaron cambios (P<0,05) en el primer ensayo de digestibilidad; sin embargo, en el segundo ensayo P. tetradius incrementó (P<0,05) la digestibilidad de la materia seca (MS), fibra detergente neutro y ácido. La concentración de BC aumentó (P<0,05) en ciego y CD. El pH no fue afectado, pero el NH4 se redujo (P<0,05) con P. tetradius en el ciego. La concentración de AGV aumentó (P<0,01) en ciego con el uso de los inóculos. Los cambios en digestibilidad de MS y fibra se relacionaron con el incremento de las poblaciones microbianas en ciego y colon de conejos que recibieron inóculos bacterianos, lo cual explicó la reducción de NH4 y el incremento de AGV.

In order to evaluate the effect of two bacterial inocula isolated from the cecum on cecal fermentation and total feed digestibility in growing rabbits, a growth essay was carried out with 60 New Zealand White rabbits of 38 days of age, with three treatments: T1= commercial diet (control); T2= T1 plus Clostridium sordellii inoculum; T3= T1 plus Peptostreptococcus tetradius inoculum. A concentration of 75×10(7) bacteria per gram of dry matter (DM) was used. In vivo digestibility was evaluated at the 3rd and 5th weeks. At 77 days of age the animals were sacrificed and samples collected from the cecal appendix (AC), 13th cecal loop (TAC) and distal colon (CD), so as to determine total bacterial concentration (BT) and cellulolitic bacteria (BC), pH, NH4 and volatile fatty acids (AGV). No changes were observed (p<0.05) in the first digestibility essay, but in the second essay P. tetradius increased (p<0.05) DM, neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibility. BC concentration increased (p<0.05) in cecum and CD. The pH was not affected but cecal NH4 was reduced (p<0.05) with P. tetradius. AVG concentration increased (p<0.01) in the cecum by the use of inocula. Changes in DM and fiber digestibility were related to the increase in microbial populations in cecum and colon of rabbits receiving bacterial inocula, which explains the reduction in NH4 and the AGV increase.

Para avaliar o efeito de dois inóculos bacterianos isolados do cego sobre a fermentação cecal de coelhos em crescimento e a digestibilidade total do alimento, se desenvolveu um ensaio de crescimento com 60 coelhos da raça Nueva Zelanda Blanco de 38 dias de idade, destinados a três tratamentos: T1= dieta comercial (testemunha); T2= T1 mais inóculo a base de Clostridium sordellii; T3= T1 mais inóculo a base de Peptostreptococcus tetradius. Utilizou-se uma concentração de 75×10(7) bactérias×g-1MS. Na 3ª e 5ª semanas experimentais se avaliou a digestibilidade in vivo. Aos 77 dias de idade os animais foram sacrificados e recolheram-se amostras do apêndice cecal (AC), 13ª asa cecal (TAC) e cólon distal (CD) para determinar a concentração de bactérias totais (BT) e celulolíticas (BC), pH, NH4 e ácidos grasso voláteis (AGV). Não se observaram mudanças (P<0,05) no primeiro ensaio de digestibilidade; no entanto, no segundo ensaio P. tetradius incrementou (P<0,05) a digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), fibra detergente neutro e ácido. A concentração de BC aumentou (P<0,05) no cego e CD. O pH não foi afetado, mas o NH4 se reduziu (P<0,05) com P. tetradius no cego. A concentração de AGV aumentou (P<0,01) no cego com o uso dos inóculos. As mudanças em digestibilidade de MS e fibra se relacionaram com o incremento das populações microbianas no cego e cólon de coelhos que receberam inóculos bacterianos, o qual explicou a redução de NH4 e o incrementou de AGV.